Identifying Major Depressive Disorder Free Essays

We, as human beings at some point would feel low, unstable and sometimes would not know how to exactly describe what we feel bout certain things. Most often it is unknown to us that we are maybe suffering from mood disorders, we become unaware of ourselves. Mood disorders are portrayed by having wide swing of emotions; it ranges from deep depression to extreme excitement, exhilaration or euphoria and agitation. We will write a custom essay sample on Identifying Major Depressive Disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are actually two forms of mood disorder; the first one is depression and the other is bipolar respectively. Mania is characterized by intense and or unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria, and depression involves feelings of extraordinary sadness and dejection. In some cases wherein mania and depression comes together it is known to be bipolar, in which a person with this disorder would have to feel extreme excitement and deep sadness simultaneously. When depression exists for the longest time it is called dysthymia. It is known to be similar with major depression but it is a long term disorder, it is mild and not an acute (Dinsmoor., December, 2002). Symptoms of depression The symptoms of depression can be manifested easily in a person. These symptoms are actually various and it can be easily recognized. A person with a depression would have the symptoms of having difficulty in sleeping; they do not get their sleep easily because their minds are restless and due to this they would feel stressed or fatigued. It can also be the other way around; people with depression can also be recognized if they sleep excessively. They would also loose their appetite and would usually loose weight or they would do excessive eating and gain weight. It can also manifest in their activities; people with depression would loose their attraction in their activities that they do find pleasurable. Major depression disorder can also come with the loosing the appetite for sex or having sexual problems; it can also be accompanied by headaches. There is also the feeling of guilt, hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness and one of the hardest manifestations is that they find concentrating on certain things too difficult (Association, 2000). Is Katherine suffering from major depressive disorder? Katherine has been experiencing the symptoms engaged in the mood disorder which is called major depressive disorder, in which she often wishes she were dead, she feels sad all day long and cries several times a day, she experiences disturbed sleep and, as a result, she feels fatigued all day long, she has absolutely no interest in sex or even spending time with friends, she finds it extremely difficult to concentrate at work and just does not want to be around people. If these feelings and wide variety of undeniable changes are not induced by alcohol or any drink that would make her feel down, if they are caused by a difficulty in her functions in her work or at home and if they were not caused by great sorrow I can make a systematic statement that Katherine is really suffering from major depressive disorder. And since Katherine has more than five of the symptoms attached with major depressive disorder I can say that she is really suffering from it. Katherine needs to be treated while she is still in the early stage of her depression or while she still can handle her situation. If she would not be immediately treated she might at some point make an attempt to kill herself or commit suicide. Treatments for major depressive disorder There are several treatments for a patient who has a major depressive disorder. There is psychotherapy or counseling for people who have depression disorder and there are various medications or drugs used in treating people who are afflicted with this disorder. Numbers of medicines are used in the cure of major depressive disorder, these actually falls into the category of anti-depressants and are further categorized into a more particular drug or medicine. Among the anti-depressants are Tricyclic anti-depressants or TCA’s which can actually relief depression by increasing the neurotransmitters’ concentration in the central nervous system. Another one is the Monoamine oxidase inhibitors or MAOI’s acts as an agent in helping break down a particular neurotransmitter which would help regulate the mood of a person to become stable or normal. The third kind of anti-depressant is the Lithium carbonate which helps in reducing the activities of the nerves in the brain; it alters the chemical balance within a particular nerve in the brain. And the last kind is the serotonin which helps in transmitting messages without interrupting the brain chemistry. Treatment for Katherine In the case of Katherine she can be treated by using both psychotherapy and medication. I would use the interpersonal and or behavioral therapy on her for me to know what triggered her depression. I need to have a background of her present relationships; her relationship with her family, her relationship with her current boyfriend, her relationship with her friends, her relationship with her officemates and her other relationships. And after having analyzed her relationship patterns I would focus on her current behaviors. I would be able to know what triggered her present behaviors also by her past behaviors or the things that had actually happened to her that might have contributed to her behavior now. Aside from these two psychotherapy some activities might help in diverting Katherine’s emotions by encouraging her to try to involve her self in activities that would be pleasurable to her, like talking to a friend to release some of her emotions or going out with someone who is sensible and nice so that she can enjoy and forget about her depression. In her medication I would just give her an anti-depressant that would suit her because it might cause further complications if I would give her inappropriate medicine. Psychotherapy and the use of medicine would result to a more improved and satisfying results rather than using therapy or counseling alone and or just by giving medications. It is really hard to know if someone is suffering from a major depression because one might not notice the symptoms right away. The most important thing is to give ones self a chance to know his or her self more. References Association, A. P. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Fourth Edition American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. Dinsmoor., R. S. (Ed.) (December, 2002) Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Gale Group. [Electronic Version] Retrieved March 05, 2008 from http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/common/standard/transform.jsp?requestURI=/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/mood_disorders.jsp          How to cite Identifying Major Depressive Disorder, Essay examples

Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management †Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management. Answer: Introduction The assignment considers and takes into account the utilization of the satisfactory financial derivatives. The derivatives are utilized by the managers of the portfolio for enhancing the returns and gains from the investments. The derivatives help in the increase of the amount of exposure faced by the investors and helps them in hedging the entire exposure of the capital market. They are the options that help the managers of the portfolio and the investments in applying the theories of investment that are relevant for the application. The derivative options help the investors in making exponential gains. The assignment also considers the evaluation of the derivatives under imaginary and theoretical situations. There are four categories of instruments of derivatives and the assignment has considered the analysis and the evaluation of the four instruments of derivatives. The analysis also consists of the recommendations given on to the managers of the portfolios. The analysis also help s in the attaining the capability of an investor to enhance the earnings by the usage of a variety of instruments of derivatives. Types of financial derivatives in the portfolio management As stated above, there are four categories of the instruments of derivatives that can be used for the management of the portfolio. The categories are as under: Future contract derivative The contracts that are conducted through the use of exchange and provide allowance to the investors for making sufficient decisions of investments are referred to as the Future contracts. They have a variety of similarities with the forward contracts that are discussed in the next part. It is similar on the basis that the sale of specific commodities is carried on a date that is in future. The commodity prices are fixed as per the present date and the same helps in the reduction of the volatility in the prices that the investors forecast for the date in future (Berezhnoy et al. 2014). They are contracts that use the exchanges. They are conducted with the help of a medium that puts an obligation on the various parties for the fulfilment of the bargaining part. They have a functioning and conducting on a format that is pre designed in nature. It is required to be proceeded by the investors in the process of the conduction of the transactions and the investments. In addition, such contracts for the most part follow the settlement of the contract on a daily basis. It considers the realisation of all the amounts of profits and losses on the period subsequent to the day of trading. In such contracts the buyers and sellers do not form any agreements and they basically carry out the transactions with the exchange (Bodie 2013). Illustration of a future contract Particulars Value Value Buying Gold 100 ounce Current Gold price 1250 = 125,000 (1250 * 100) Future contract 1285 = 128,500 (1285 * 100) Expected Price 1360 = 136,000 (1360 * 100) Reduction in losses 7500 Table 1: Forward contract (Source: Created by author) It can be understood from the above example of future contract that with the adaptation of the Future contract, there was a reduction in the losses of the transaction. There was a decline in the value of Gold i.e. the amount worth $8,500.The decline in losses was because of the lockage of the prices of gold that allowed the investors in reducing the losses towards attaining the commodity. Thus, this helps in effective investments of the money of investors (Brent 2013). Forward contract derivative They are the oldest and the simplest form of the instruments and have applicability till a limited time i.e. for that day only. They are taken into action by the investors for controlling or hedging the losses for the future period. It is an agreement for a later date made today and is made between the two parties that have regards with the sale of the instrument or the product. It had been in use until the invention of the derivative instrument named future contracts and as discussed in the above section. A number of investors have been using the contracts in an effective manner for conducting the tolerable exposure within the market (Frino et al. 2014). It was stated that the forward contracts have to be conducted and is generally conducted among the two counterparties or the parties. The contract does not consider the possibility of the exchange being accountable for the transaction done. While, on the other hand, there was an argument that by using the future contracts, there may not be any allowance or obligation on the part of the other parties that may commit towards the fulfilling of the contract terms. The particulars and the details related to the forward contracts are kept in a secret and confidential manner. It is hidden from the public and there is no condition of providing the pertinent information concerning the contract. The instrument of Forward contract is helpful in allowing an effective control towards the investors in terms of the rising prices. It also helps in the reduction of the losses that possibly can occur within the capital market as it has a volatile condition (Khumawala et al. 2016). The contracts are used by the bank to manage the exchange in currency. Illustration of a forward contract: Particulars Value Value AUD payment 1,000,000 Current AUD/USD Rate 0.76 760,000 (1,000,000 * 0.76) Expected AUD/USD Rate 0.73 730,000 (1,000,000 * 0.73) Forward Contract Rate 0.74 740,000 (1,000,000 * 0.74) Reduction in losses 10,000 (740,000-730,000) Table 2: Forward contract (Source: Created by author) The firm that uses the rate of AUD $ must be converted to $ as the conversion will lead to the reduction of the volatile nature of the payment to be made under the contract. The entire usage of such contract aids in the reduction of the amount of loss by about $10,000 as calculated in the table above. The same became possible by the application of the forward contract that reduced the fluctuation of the rate of exchange and thus reduced the risk faced by person at the time of exchange (Johnson 2015). Option contract derivative The Option contract of the instruments of derivative is used by the investors for the effective Hedging or getting secured from the exposure faced by the investors within the capital market. The contract provides allowance towards the investors for the effectiveness in the hedging process for getting secured against the categories ofthe volatility in future that are expected by the investors (Hou 2017). The two categories of options comprise of the call and the put options. The call option provides a right to the investors to buy a product or commodity at a specific price and at the later date. On the other hand, the put option provides a right to the investors to sell a product or commodity at a specific price and at the later date. In addition, such contract helps in providing the choice of an effective nature towards the traders. It provides a choice that will assist in the effective speculation of the market and by reduction of the expected and expanded losses that will form part of the investment period (Pinzur 2016). The contract requires adequate measures to be undertaken at the time of conduction of the trades related to the options. Thus, the exchange measures can be applied for the same. With the provision of the smaller amounts of premium, the trades of option majorly allow the investors in increasing the exposures related to the market. The premium costs can be ignored and it allows in the reduction of the risks with the increase in the capacity of investments. The future gains from the investment are gained by these contracts as it has a basis on the volatility of the future prices. The option contractors incur the major expenditure that is the amount of premium charged on the conduct of the trades and the use of premiums are done to allow towards the reduction of the overall blockage of the capital (Salazar 2014). Illustration of an option contract: Particulars Value Value Selling shares of Samsung 1000 Buying Put Option Current price 152 152,000 (1,000 * 152) Strike price 150 150,000 (1,000 * 150) Premium 5 5,000 (1,000 * 5) Expected Price 140 140,000 (1,000 * 140) Actual Price 149 149,000 (1,000 * 149) Reduction in losses 4000 (149000-140000) Table 3: Forward contract (Source: Created by author) The above example depict that the option prices of the Samsung had not followed the speculation of $140 and the same resulted in the loss of the investor as $4000. The strike price was $150 and premium $5. The prices of Samsung resulted in loss of $4000 by the investor and premium of $5,000 was paid. If the investor does not trade, he will be responsible to pay a premium amount higher than the incurred losses. Swaps derivative The Swaps derivative is one of the most complex and complicated category of derivatives. It involves the speculation and research done before the initiation of the trade. They are conducted on various numbers of participants that include the adoption of fixed and floating rates of interest. The adoption of fixed and floating rates of interest increases the entire gains from the trades and investments. The swap derivatives permit the investors to swap the rates of interests and the currency of underlying nature towards the enhancement of the financial income. The companies can easily avoid the obstructions faced by the means of the rates of foreign exchange towards the overall return from investment (Takino 2016). The swaps are conducted for the process of negotiation among two or more parties for obtaining relevant benefits. It helps in the reduction of a variety of risks occurring from investment. Amount to be invested 100,000 Interest rate 1st country Interest rate 2nd country Exchange rate 4 0.25 Savings 8% 3% Loan 9% 4% Invested amount $400,000 Interest received $32,000 Converted to 2nd country $8,000 Invested amount $100,000 Invested paid $3,000 Total income $5,000 It can be evaluated that there can be a gain of $32000 that has been converted to $8000. Investigation of the appeal of using derivatives in imaginary situations The above categories of the derivative instruments are practicable in nature but, the most effective one is the futures contract. Such contracts provide allowance to the investors for conducting trades devoid of any risks attached. The theoretical scenarios discussed above reflect the assistance provided by the trading done by the options and futures. These options help the investors to form effective decisions with regard to the investments and also effective conducting of the trades in the entire market. The forward contracts must be avoided in the construction of the portfolio by the investors and the managers of the Portfolio (Schwager and Etzkorn 2017). Additionally, the swap trades should be avoided by the managers of portfolio. The swap trades comprise of interest rates of swap that is complex job carried out by the companies. Consequently, there must be employment of the contracts like future and options that will assist a manager of portfolio to perform and convey the required rate of return obtained from the investment (Chance and Brooks 2015). Conclusions and Recommendations The overall assessment of the assignment shows that the contracts of derivatives provides allowance to the investors in suffice investment in the market place. The investors use the instruments of derivatives like future, options, forward and the contracts of swaps. On the other hand, the most effective one is the futures contract. Such contracts provide allowance to the investors for conducting trades devoid of any risks attached. It also provides effective profitability. Thus, the use of options will help in the adequate investment instrument for conducting the trades at high ends. The managers of the portfolio must effectively use the contracts for preparing the portfolio and gaining returns and productivity. References Berezhnoy, V.I., Berezhnaya, E.V., Berezhnaya, O.V., Telnova, N.N., Ostapenko, E.A. and Shatalova, O.I., 2014. Methodology of application of the systematic and derivative analysis of the conditions of the local raw materials market development.Life Sci. J,11(8), pp.600-602. Bingham, N.H. and Kiesel, R., 2013.Risk-neutral valuation: Pricing and hedging of financial derivatives. Springer Science Business Media. Bodie, Z., 2013.Investments. McGraw-Hill. Brent, R.P., 2013.Algorithms for minimization without derivatives. Courier Corporation. Chance, D.M. and Brooks, R., 2015.Introduction to derivatives and risk management. Cengage Learning. Frino, A., Mollica, V. and Webb, R.I., 2014. The Impact of Co?Location of Securities Exchanges' and Traders' Computer Servers on Market Liquidity.Journal of Futures Markets,34(1), pp.20-33. Hirsa, A. and Neftci, S.N., 2013.An introduction to the mathematics of financial derivatives. Academic Press. Hou, Q., 2017. Research on the Development of Derivative Products of Comic and Animation Advertising Video of Local Characteristic Culture.DEStech Transactions on Social Science, Education and Human Science, (icsste). Johnson, C.A., 2015. Moving from Soft Law to Hard Law in the Derivative Area: A Case Study.The Changing Landscape of Global Financial Governance and the Role of Soft Law, p.258. Khumawala, S., Ranasinghe, T. and Yan, C.J., 2016. Why hedge? Extent, nature, and determinants of derivative usage in US municipalities.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,35(3), pp.303-325. Lievenbrck, M. and Schmid, T., 2014. Why do firms (not) hedge?Novel evidence on cultural influence.Journal of Corporate Finance,25, pp.92-106. Norden, L., Buston, C.S. and Wagner, W., 2014. Financial innovation and bank behavior: Evidence from credit markets.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,43, pp.130-145. Pinzur, D., 2016. Making the grade: infrastructural semiotics and derivative market outcomes on the Chicago Board of Trade and New Orleans Cotton Exchange, 18561909.Economy and Society, pp.1-23. Rauterberg, G.V. and Verstein, A., 2014. Assessing transnational private regulation of the OTC derivatives market: ISDA, the BBA, and the future of financial reform. Rifai, N., Syaukat, Y., Siregar, H. and Gumbira-Sa-id, E., 2015. Factors affecting increased export of Indonesian palm oil and its derivative products to the United States of America market.Journal of ISSAAS (International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences),21(1), pp.137-146. Roukny, T. and Battiston, S., 2014. A network analysis of the evolution of the German interbank market. Salazar, M., 2014. Swapping More than Regulations: Reexamining the Goals of the Dodd-Frank Act and the European Market Infrastructure Regulation on Over-the-Counter Derivative Markets.Sw. J. Int'l L.,21, p.217. Schwager, J.D. and Etzkorn, M., 2017. An Introduction to Options on Futures.A Complete Guide to the Futures Market: Technical Analysis and Trading Systems, Fundamental Analysis, Options, Spreads, and Trading Principles, pp.477-485. Sharma, P., Lee, S., Guo, T., Irwin, D. and Shenoy, P., 2015, April. Spotcheck: Designing a derivative iaas cloud on the spot market. InProceedings of the Tenth European Conference on Computer Systems(p. 16). ACM. Takino, K., 2016. An Equilibrium Model for an OTC Derivative Market under a Counterparty Risk Constraint.

The Changing American Family free essay sample

The family is important to people all over the world. Although the structure of the family is quite different from one country another. In the USA,as in many countries in the world,the family is changing. A generation or two ago,the traditional family,in which the father was bossy,was customary. Now the modern family,in which both the father and the mother are equal partners is more common. Although there are several similarities between the traditional and the modern family, there are also some very important differences. The traditional family of yesterday and the modern family of today have several similarities. The traditional family was a nuclear family and the modern family is too. The role of the father in the traditional family was to provide for his family. Similarly the father in the modern family is expected to the so,also. The mother in the traditional family to care of the children physical and emotional needs just as the modern mother does. We will write a custom essay sample on The Changing American Family or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the other hand there are some great differences between the traditional family and the modern family. The first important difference is in mans role. The traditional husband was the head of the household because he was the only one who worked outside the home. If the wife worked for pay,then the husband was not considered to be good provider. In many families today both husband and wife work for pay. Therefore they share the role of the head of household. In addition,the traditional husband usually made the big decision about spending money. However,the modern husband shares these decisions with his working wife. Also, the traditional husband didnt help his wife with the housework or meal preparation. Dinner was ready when he came home. In contrast,the modern husband helps his working wife at home. He may do some of the household jobs,and its not unusual for him to cock.

Long Term Effect Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Social Work Essay Example

Long Term Effect Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Social Work Essay Example Long Term Effect Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Social Work Essay Long Term Effect Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Social Work Essay Child sexual maltreatment has been a tabu topic for many old ages, leting it to stay a dark secret. As the tabu has been slightly upraised, the figure of grownups describing past childhood sexual maltreatment is surprisingly high. Many surveies of childhood sexual maltreatment study a 30 % happening of childhood sexual maltreatment in their samples. As a job impacting a important proportion of the population, it warrants further survey. This paper will reexamine literature on the subject of childhood sexual maltreatment, specifically the long-run effects which carry over into maturity. Child sexual maltreatment has been a tabu topic for many old ages, leting it to stay a dark secret. As the tabu has been slightly upraised, the figure of grownups describing past childhood sexual maltreatment is surprisingly high. Many are disgusted by childhood sexual maltreatment, but what is it about childhood sexual maltreatment that makes it so detestable to so many people? Instinctively, we believe it to be really barbarous and damaging to the victim ; nevertheless, inherent aptitude does non mensurate up as grounds in a society which progressively demands for empirical support. What does research precisely say about the long-run effects of childhood sexual maltreatment? This paper will research a few of the findings related to long-run effects of childhood maltreatment. Four effects have been cited: impaired grownup societal relationships, going an grownup sexual wrongdoer, increased anxiousness, and decreased sexual wellbeing. It should besides be noted that merely the conseq uence of impaired societal relationships was shown in a sample including both genders. The 2nd consequence of going a sexual wrongdoer was merely observed in males and the concluding two effects ( anxiousness and sexual wellbeing ) were merely observed in females. Further survey is needed to find if these effects are gender-inclusive. In any survey mensurating abstract concepts, operational definitions must be used and clearly stated. In the surveies cited here, childhood sexual maltreatment has been defined as a sexual experience with a child when the behaviour was due to coerce or coercion or when the culprit was a specified figure of old ages older than the victim ; the sum of old ages older a individual had to be before the experience was considered opprobrious varied somewhat from 2 to 5 ( Adulrehman A ; De Luca, 2001 ; Freerick A ; Snow, 2005 ; Salter et al. , 2003 ; Lemieux A ; Byers, 2008 ) . One survey, which incorporated constabularies studies in its observations, used the legal discourtesy with which an person was charged to specify sexual maltreatment ( Salter et al. , 2003 ) . Two surveies differentiated the badness of childhood sexual maltreatment experienced runing from less terrible ( mere exposure or contact ) to more terrible ( attempted or existent incursion of the oral cavity, anus, or vagin a ) . Both of these surveies found that the badness of the sexual maltreatment affects the badness to which one is impacted by it subsequently in life, with those who experienced attempted or existent incursion the most badly affected ( Freerick A ; Snow, 2005 ; Lemieux A ; Byers, 2008 ) . Impaired Adult Social Relationships Adulrehman A ; De Luca ( 2001 ) set out to analyze the relationship between childhood sexual experiences and grownup societal relationships. They did a survey affecting 222 undergraduate psychological science pupils. Three steps were administered to the sample: the Social Health Battery, Social Dysfunction Rating Scale, and Sexual Victimization Survey. The first two step societal accommodation and the concluding step is used to place sexual maltreatment. Persons who had experienced childhood sexual maltreatment scored significantly higher on the Social Dysfunction Rating Scale, which indicates a higher degree of dissatisfaction in one s personal relationships and a more negative position of oneself. These findings indicate that people who experienced childhood sexual maltreatment are unsatisfied with their relationships or experience the demand to hold more close friends. Results besides indicated that victims of childhood sexual maltreatment may see ill will towards others, may retreat from societal interactions, and may hold trouble in showing their emotions ( Adulrehman A ; DeLuca, 2001 ) . Becoming a Victim-Abuser Sometimes victims of childhood sexual maltreatment become sexual maltreaters themselves. Salter et Al. ( 2003 ) examined this procedure in a longitudinal survey of males who had been abused as kids. Their sample consisted of a group of 224 grownup males, referred to a sexual maltreatment clinic while they were under the age of 18 during the old ages 1980-1992, who had been sexually abused as kids but had non sexually abused others at the clip of their referral. They so followed this group, analyzing constabularies computing machine databases and societal service files to find which topics committed sexually-abusive Acts of the Apostless later in life. Of the 224 grownup males included in their sample, Salter et Al. ( 2003 ) found that 26 ( 12 % ) had become sexual maltreaters as grownups ( victim-abusers ) . They besides found that there were certain hazard factors that were more prevalent in the victim-abuser group than in the non-abuser group. Victim-abusers were more likely to hold been sexually abused by a female, witnessed interpersonal force against their female parent, and experienced terrible disregard ( Salter et al. , 2003 ) . It appears that witnessing interfamilial force becomes a go-between for victims to go maltreaters. The victim-abusers were besides more likely to prosecute in other violent offenses compared to the non-abusers ( Salter et al. , 2003 ) . This seems to back up the thought that force is a erudite behaviour as the victim-abusers repeated the sexual force they experienced and the physical force they witnessed. Anxiety Freerick and Snow ( 2005 ) hypothesized that adult females with a history of sexual maltreatment would see more anxiety-related symptoms, specifically symptoms associated with post-traumatic emphasis upset ( PTSD ) and anxiousness associated with societal state of affairss. They collected informations on childhood sexual maltreatment and anxiousness symptoms in a sample of 313 female undergraduates. Ninety-eight ( 30 % ) reported a history of childhood sexual maltreatment. Freerick and Snow ( 2005 ) besides collected other demographic information in order to command for other factors associated with increased anxiousness such as household history of mental unwellness and socioeconomic state of affairs of household during childhood. The adult females with a history of childhood sexual maltreatment were found to hold significantly more symptoms of PTSD than adult females who had non been abused and scored higher on a step of anxiousness and a step of hurt in societal state of affairss, even after commanding for demographic variables ( Freerick A ; Snow, 2005 ) . The survey besides found that adult females who experienced attempted or existent intercourse during childhood scored significantly higher on steps of societal turning away and PTSD symptoms than adult females who experienced no sexual maltreatment or who experienced merely exposure or merely contact ( Freerick A ; Snow, 2005 ) . Sexual Wellbeing Lemieux and Byers ( 2008 ) studied the effects of childhood sexual maltreatment on female sexual wellbeing. Their survey included 272 female college pupils. Womans who had experienced attempted or existent incursion were more likely than adult females who had non been sexual abused or who had experienced sexual contact entirely to be victimized once more as grownups, to prosecute in hazardous sexual behaviours, to voluntarily abstain from sexual activity, to comprehend more sexual costs and fewer sexual wagess, and to hold negative attitudes towards sex ( Lemieux A ; Byers, 2008 ) . These findings were important commanding for the presence of other signifiers of childhood maltreatment ( Lemieux A ; Byers, 2008 ) . Womans who were sexually abused as kids are more likely than adult females who were non sexually abused as kids to hold more jobs related to gender and decreased sexual satisfaction. Many surveies have linked childhood sexual maltreatment with sexual disfunction. What Lemieux and Byers wanted to demo was that the effects extended beyond physical and behavioural jobs into the manner adult females perceived sex. They refer to this as the mediating function of adult females s cognitive-affective sexual assessments ( Lemieux A ; Byers, 2008, p. 140 ) . This is the thought childhood sexual maltreatment causes adult females to hold a negative attitude towards sex and themselves as sexual existences which causes them to expose sexual disfunction, including prosecuting in insouciant sex, abstaining from sex, and sexual revictimization ( Lemieux A ; Byers, 2008 ) . Discussion The long-run effects of childhood sexual maltreatment are terrible. This supports the natural abomination for childhood sexual maltreatment found in most persons. Childhood sexual maltreatment can impact many aspects of one s life, including societal relationships, feelings of anxiousness, sexual wellbeing, and even condemnable behaviour. How and why childhood sexual maltreatment has the possible to take to such things is ill-defined. However, now that many of the long-run effects have been identified, intervention plans can go more knowing and focused in handling grownups who have experienced sexual maltreatment as kids. Attempts can be directed towards covering with their immediate demands, such as constructing their societal support, learning them accomplishments to get by with feelings of anxiousness, modifying aberrant behaviour, and retracing negative attitudes towards gender.

Finance and Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance and Accounting - Essay Example The companies’ compliance with IFRS standards can effectively help predict the future financial outcomes and reduce irresponsible cosmetic accounting practices. The company’s compliance with all International Financial Reporting Standards will translate to better prediction of forecasting future business outcomes. For example, the compliance with standards requires that the company present the historical sales amount s for the past two years. If the sales for 2010 is $ 250,000 and sales for 2011 is $295,000. Any keen financial statement analyst or reader can easily forecast next year’s forecasted sales will exceed $300,000, all other factors being equal (Wiley 14). Further, relevant and valid financial information (balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows) must be relevant to the needs of the financial statement users. To relevant, the financial statements must comply with the predictive value tenets of the International Financial Reporting St andards. Consequently, the financial statement users can increase the reliability of the decision makers (Epstein 13). The International Financial Reporting Standards required that the financial statement should be prepared to enhance the decision making process (Jermkowcz 29). For example, International Financial Reporting Standards require the entities to report long term loans under the liabilities section of the financial reports. ... Compliance will make the forecasting activity more realistic (Porter799). In terms of forecasting value of the International Financial Reporting Standards, the financial reports should be prepared using the fair market value in recording sales or other related amounts. For example, the buyer agrees to the seller’s ?2,000 selling price pegged for one factory production equipment. Consequently, the factory production equipment is recorded in the company’s assets portion of the company’s balance sheet at ?2,000. The amount represents the customer’s fair market value of the purchased equipment. Specifically, the fair value portion of the International Financial Reporting Standards can be found in IFRS no. 2, IFRS no. 3, IFRS no 7, International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) no 16, IAS no. 39, IAS no. 40, as well as IAS no 41 (Walton 13). During the preparation of financial statements, there are many situations when International Financial Reporting Standar ds insists on focusing on ensuring the predictive or forecasting goals. For example, the standards describe the company’s financial assets as any resource that is controlled by the entity as a consequence of the entities’ prior transactions. Such asset items must have future economic benefits flowing into the business equation. Consequently, the standards require the companies to raise or lower their asset values, depending on external factors (Shamrock 8). (b) Creative accounting (causes, techniques, & effects) Cosmetic accounting causes trigger some impacts. The company’s desire to seek the bank’s approval of their long term loan applications prods the company to increase its revenues. Normally, banks base their loan approvals on

Causes of the Financial Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Causes of the Financial Crisis - Essay Example The analysis takes a global outlook to examine the various issues connected with the financial turmoil which is believed to be begun as a result of U S mortgage crisis. There are divergent opinions as to what caused this global phenomenon that resulted in the ravage and meltdown of stock markets in almost all countries. The present chapter, however, throws lights on the reasons that are generally believed to have contributed to the most distressed global crisis The US originated crisis started late in the 20th century became acute in 2007 from the US subprime lending market like a distant tornado. More than two million homes financed by subprime lenders were expected to face foreclosure in the period of crisis and nearly 17% of subprime mortgages issued so far were projected to fail (Center for Responsible Lending). The roots of the current US subprime lending crisis can be traced back to the spiraling housing prices in the first half of this decade. Extremely low lending and borrowing rates increased the demand and supply of existing and new houses. Several institutions started offering subprime mortgages, to borrowers who had unfavorable credit history, at lower than normal repayment interest levels with little or no down payments. Many investment banks and hedge fund owners began to bet on this new aspect of the US economy. This had allowed investors to avail themselves of loans at low interest rates and invest them in higher yielding a venues. But soon with the US Central Bank (Federal Reserve) initiating a series of interest rate hikes leading to the increase of cost of borrowing to 5.25%, which is the maximum since the last half a decade, and a simultaneous decrease in housing prices, the subprime mortgages were reset at high rates leaving the borrowers to foreclose their accounts and miss payments (Lawrence 2000). As an outcome, financial institutions and banks with mortgage securities incurred huge losses and had to trade their assets leading to subprime lending crisis. Even though "Countrywide Financial", the biggest mortgage lender in the US, managed to withstand this crisis owing to the diversification in writing of the loans, other big players like New Century Financial, DR Horton, Weyerhaeuser and American Home Mortgage are all reeling under its impact (Kenneth 1990). 2. Low Inflation For 15 years the US economy had long and continuous economic expansion with low inflation. The US economy was following an expansionary monetary and fiscal policy. There was excess liquidity in the economy. During this period, the rate of interest was very low and there was a housing sector boom. During this good time, financial institutions, particularly investment banks showed a lot of interest in providing housing loan. They took heavy risk and made huge profits. High profits encouraged the banks to take higher risk. High leveraged transaction with life covenant became the norm. They started providing loan to prime as well as subprime borrowers though the borrowers did not have the capacity to repay the loan if the interest rate would go up. Loans were given on the assumption that housing prices always would go up and in the initial stage; borrowers were charged lower interest rate. 3. Fall of Major Investment Banks and Financial Institutions The

A Streetcar Named Desire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

A Streetcar Named Desire - Essay Example In fact, she has a feeling that their god background characterized by education, lavish life and foreign language acquisition contrast that of Stanley. He is uneducated, dirty, and she considers his companionship with her only sister inappropriate and unfortunate. Additionally, the desire for companionship by Blanche stems from solitude and excruciating thoughts of being alone range in a hostile world (Page 417). In her quest to enhance her personal attraction and safety, she desperately finds herself seeking protection from the arms of strangers. Her struggle to seek companionship and love that she fondly misses after the tragic death of her husband, Blanche exposes herself to the world of men who would take advantage of her circumstances for self-gratification. Notably, in New Orleans, she finds her brother-in-law Stanley, who is cruel. According to her, there is no cure of harshness and the predatory nature of Stanley (Page 418). With this reality, she is determined to take Stella with her a means of getting a companionship and securing her from the husband that is ruthless and inhumane. Surprisingly, Stella appears happy and satisfied in her marriage, despite the conflicting background between her and the husband, she finds the companionship the best cure to life challenges irrespective of the circumstances. In addition, the director of the play demystifies the theme of loneliness using a susceptible woman, Blanche, who gets attracted to anyone she perceives to share similar or closer background. In addition, the director of the play portrays Blanches companionship desires as the driving force that would see her leave the town to seek what she desires most-companionship. Desire is closely related to solitude, as life reality dawns, Blanche desires towards inner personal conflict and an outward desire for companionship. Loneliness causes her great pains and tribulation that