Definition Of Hiv And Aids Health And Social Care Essay

Definition Of Hiv And Aids Health And Social Care EssayI eat up chosen the topic of human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS. In this written assignment, Firstly, I entrust start by introducing what are human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS and the influence of them. Secondly, I will generate well-nigh figure of the world and to a fault in Hong Kong. Then, I will manipulation the biopsychosocial model to describe the causes of HIV. Last but non lease, I will discuss the health promotion and Motivation Strategies.2. Definition of HIV and AIDSDefinition of HIVThe short term of Human Immunodeficiency virus is called HIV which is a virus and it is account by Dr. Luc Montagnier in 1983. They cannot reproduce and grow by themselves, they feed to rely on a living existence and contaminate the cell of them in order to replicate. Viruses usually are nominate and killed by the valet de chambre immune system quickly, however, HIV could nowadays attack the human immune system which would a ffect our personify health and cannot get rid of a virus.Definition of AIDSAIDS Acquires Immune Deficiency Syndrome which is caused by poetic rhythm of HIV which would destroys the human ability to fight with the diseases and cancers. AIDS is not a single disease and it combine with opportunistic contagious disease which would invade the live body easily when the immune system is destroyed.People with HIV are not equal to infect AIDS. For the concourse who inflect HIV can also bear dormant in body for several years. During the median incubation period, for adult, it would take ten years to develop AIDS on average. And a lot of pot with HIV may be unaware of their inflection status and look healthy.3. InfluenceFor the people who have give HIV are they are senior higher(prenominal) chance to get infected and malignancies because the immune system is damage which is called opportunistic infects.The most common HIV-related opportunistic infections and diseases includes the bac terial diseases and protozoal diseases, fungal diseases, Viral diseases and HIV-associated malignancies. on that point are different condition would appear in different stage of HIV infection. For the starting stage patient, they have higher rate to infect tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, malaria, staphylococcal skin infections, herpes zoster and septicaemia and more difficult to recover. For the later stage of the patient, the immune system is being more and more weak, it is easier for them to infect PCP, cryptococcosis and toxoplasmosis which can be fatal.4. Figure of HIV/AIDSHIV is a global epidemic. They affect different country of the world. It could have negative effects in families, communities and the whole countries.From the above bar chart, we can find that the effect of people living with HIV outgrowth from 8 million in1990 to 34 million in 2010. Also, in recent years, the overall number of growth of the epidemic has become more stable and the annual number of the ne w inflection has continuously diminish because of the increase number of people has received antiretroviral therapy. Moreover, AID-related deaths number has also decrease.From the above bar chart, it is intelligibly to see the majority people living with HIV is for the most part live in low and middle income countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa where has two-thirds of all infected people of the whole world which carries the greatest burden of the epidemic. Also, South and southeastern Asia is the second highest number of people who are infected HIV.Figure in Hong KongThis research is done by The Virtual AIDS Office (VAO) of Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, the first case of HIV infection was reported in 1984. From the above graphics, we would find that the number of case of people infected HIV keep on increasing in recent years. The number of cases has a mild drop in 2009 and 2010, however, the number of case in 2011 increase to a record high of 438 cases. Also, it is clearly to fin d the most inflection were in adult, anthropoid and Chinese. In 2011, thither is 79% of the reported cases were men and 66% of reported cases is Chinese and the 83% of the reported cases aged between 20-49 which is the highest.This pie chart show the suspected route of HIV transmission in 2011, we would find that the large proportion of people getting infected HIV is from inner transmission which includes 39% of homosexual, 27% of heterosexual and 4% of bisexual. Also, 3.5% is infected from affinity fulfil which includes contaminated blood, blood products and needles.5. CausesBiological CausesTransmission of HIV Sexual contactDuring the sexual contact, the semen or vaginal discharge of the inflected partner would directly in contact with the mucous membrane of the male and females reproductive organ. Therefore, homosexual and homosexual contact can transmit HIV, such as vaginal, oral or anal sex. And the end offensement of HIV transmission would increase when there is ulcer an d blood during the sexual contact.Blood contactHIV would be transmitted by contaminated blood, blood products and needles because there is the high parsimony of HIV in blood of the people inflected.It is common to find that blood-borne transmission of HIV often occurs when the drug users who infected HIV share the needles with differents. Also, we would find slightly cases in the health care setting, such as needlestick injuries and the HIV transfuse to the blood or blood product.Mother to infant infectionDuring pregnancy, delivery or breasting feeding, there is 15-40% change that HIV can transmit the infant if the mother is infected.Psychological CausesThere are a lot of psychological causes would increase the risk of HIV. For examples, the personal depression, suicidal thoughts, lack of sleep would lead to an increase of stress and may cause about psychiatric problems which would slow down our immune systems and we have to place more stain on it. Also, for the people who have infected HIV it would lead to high HIV viral loads. Furthermore, increase of stress will cause a lot of problems. When people getting more and more stressful, several(prenominal) people may choose to go to the recreational place to slack up themselves, such as clubbing, bar and game center. It is easier for them to meet almost bad friend and they may mislead them to take the drugs or have the sexual telling which would increase the risk of HIV transmission, such as blood contact and sexual contact.In addition, for the people who have infected HIV, eating habit would also affect the process from HIV to AIDS which is base on the diet of the patient. It would be faster if the patient is malnourished.Sociological Causes For the evolution countryIn the developing country, there is a lack of antiretroviral interpositions and poor health care system which leads to the rate of people infected HIV remains in a high level. People in the developing countries are unawareness of HIV,For th e modern confederationIn the modern society, people are more open-minded. A lot of people may choose to go to the club or bar to relax after work and they may think there is nothing problem to have sex with somebody and it would lead to an increase to the number of people getting sexual contact.-MediaThe mass media always play the central role of the whole society and it would affect the mind of the citizen. In the modern society, one of the causes that people getting more and more open-minded is affect by the media. Although they are not estimate to send whose messages to them, but when they watch the movies or a TV programmes that the actors can easily have the sexual relation to others or they are taking drugs which would directly affect their mind and they may want to imitate. It would increase the risk of infect HIV through blood contact and sexual contact.6. Health promotion knowledge and educationThe effective AIDS programme should promote the propoundation and provision of education which is the key prerequisites. It should cover the all sectors of the society and educate them in a way that they can easily understand and acceptable. Also, it should be put effort continuously to achieve the outcome.HIV and AIDS education in schoolsFor educating the young somewhat HIV and AIDS, the most common place is to learn from school which is a crucial setting to educate the young. School usually pays an important role in shaping the youths attitudes, opinions and behavior. Therefore, teaching in school about the biological aspects of HIV and AIDS is ideal environment for teaching the social.HIV and AIDS education in the workplaceTo prevent HIV/AIDS, the key location is to educate them in the workplace. It is an important way to give them the information about what are HIV/AIDS, the causes and some prevention. Also, teaching them at the workplace can reach people who have not learn it before at school. Moreover, there are some researches found that there are n ine out of ten people who are infected HIV are working. Therefore, providing education at the workplace can uphold the people live healthier.For the government, they can promote some programs of the International Labour placement (ILO) for some company to join. One of the aim of the International Labour Organization is to promote different prevent solutions at the workplace and support the workers with HIV, such as providing treatment and care.-HIV and AIDS education through the mass mediaAlso the other effective way is educating the public through the mass media. Mass media always play the central role in a lot of countries in resolve to HIV and AIDS. For example, UK government in order to raise the awareness of the public about the HIV and AIDS, they use the progamme called blanket education which make good use of the mass media that can cover the whole society, and it is really successful in promoting HIV and AIDS.-Clinical and support serviceInformation and education is not s ufficient to inform to public. The most critical step is to provide the counselling, advice, medical treatments and support services which should also cover the whole society, especially for whole who are high risk to infect HIV, such as the drugs users, commercial sex workers. These treatments and services are both essential to the AIDS programme which can fight against the disease.For example, for the prevention of sexual Transmission of HIV, there are some sexually transmitted diseases(STD) clinics can promote some AIDS information and education to be informed to the patients, such as inform the people who have high risk of infecting HIV should have a regular test. Also, an effective AIDS programme should train some health professional to provide effective treatments to the patients.7. Motivation Strategies-For the people who have not inflect HIVTo prevent sexual contactApart from abstinence, salutary sex should be mutually monogamous sexual relationship with an uninfected perso n. If you do not know your partner is affected or not, you should use the condoms from the antecedent whatever which types of sexual intercourse. Using condoms can reduce the risk of infecting HIV. To protect yourself and to love your sexual partner, condoms have to use properly and consistently.To prevent blood contactFor drug userThere are 4 things that they can do to prevent the blood contact.Firstly, they should avoid taking drugs and as soon as contingent to seek the drug treatment and rehabilitation services. Secondly, if soulfulness cannot avoid taking drug immediately, the injecting method of taking drugs should be adopted and they should join the methadone treatment programme. Thirdly, if the drug users cannot stop to injecting drugs, they should not share sprays and needles to other and they should use once-only syringes and needles. Lastly, if the drugs users do not have their own syringe and needles, they should use bleach to clear the syringe twice and twice with wa ter to avoid infection.For health care workersIn the health care setting, health care workers are easier to have some blood borne diseases such as HIV through needlestick injury. If the accident occurs, to reduce the risk of infection, first-aid watchfulness is very important. Moreover, the most effective way to reduce the risk of infection is to use universal precautions to all patients, such as wearing the protective barriers and washing hand frequently.To prevent mother to infant infectionFor the women who are considering having a baby or have been pregnant, if they are suspected to be infected with HIV, they should talk to their doctors or the AIDS counselor and should have an HIV antibody test.Furthermore, to prevent mother-to-child transmission, there is a way to use antiretroviral drugs which can reduce the risk of the child getting infected HIV.For the people infected HIVHave the Medical management of HIV infectionAlthough from now on, there is no such method to root up the disease, but there is some treatment have been do of AIDS. It includes two types, one is the antiretroviral drugs adoption which can control the activities of the HIV, help to restore the immunity functions and minimize the harmful effect of the virus. The other one is to have some treatment and prophylaxis to minimize the risk of opportunistic infection. Using the above methods can improve the health of the infected people and improve their quantity of life and pick in people. Therefore, for the people infected, they should have the regular medical follow-up for monitoring of the disease, so that the health care professional can follow the cases. It can get hold the complications earlier and have appropriate treatment which can improve the survival change.Control your emotionWhen the patients face the illness of HIV/AIDS, they must feel fear, uncertainty, guilt, anxiety, anger and depression. However, it may something worsen the situation. Therefore, they should not deny their feeling. Ventilation of feeling may help them to resolving the emotional problem. You may share your feeling and concern to someone you trust. They may also try to gain counseling support, there will be the social worker to help you.8. ConclusionTo conclude, from the above passages, we would found that the number of people getting infected HIV is remind in a high level. And the causes can separate into the biological, such as the transmission of HIV, psychological, such as the stress and eating habit and sociological causes which depend on the different countries and society. Moreover, there is some health promotion which should educate the public and provide some clinical treatment and services to them. Lastly, we have discussed the motivation strategies which design for the people have not inflected and the patient with HIV. And I believe that with the above methods, the problems of HIV/AIDS would be improved in foreseeable further.